沙市中學(xué)報(bào)（93-2）
發(fā)表: 2011-01-12 17:10:33 瀏覽: 6108 次
湖北高考英語(yǔ)完成句子題指導(dǎo)
從2007年開(kāi)始，湖北省高考英語(yǔ)試題新增了“完成句子”的題型。在2007年和2008年的高考試卷中該題型都放在了第二部分“英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用”中的第二節(jié)中.在2009年，該題型改在第四部分“書(shū)面表達(dá)”中的第一節(jié)中,該題型題目和題干要求一直是：“共10小題，每小題1.5分。每小題在一句話(huà)中留出空白，要求考生根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示，用句末括號(hào)內(nèi)的英語(yǔ)單詞完成句子?！痹擃}型考查的重點(diǎn)為英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用。根據(jù)近三年的考題來(lái)看，該題型的考查語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容基本覆蓋了高中階段要求掌握的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，同時(shí)也涉及漢英翻譯技巧的運(yùn)用，但詞匯知識(shí)考查力度不大。因此，我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)時(shí)要按照全國(guó)高考考試大綱規(guī)定的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)，把語(yǔ)言的形式、意義和用法有機(jī)結(jié)合起來(lái)，在語(yǔ)境中了解和掌握語(yǔ)法的表意功能。下面我們就該題型的考試范圍做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的分析和指導(dǎo)。
一.主要考試范圍
1. 時(shí)態(tài)：一般英語(yǔ)基本時(shí)態(tài)在初中、高中課本中都已出現(xiàn)。復(fù)習(xí)備考時(shí)重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在幾個(gè)容易出錯(cuò)的時(shí)態(tài)上，如：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(最容易出錯(cuò)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞需加-s)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。判斷時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)一定要根據(jù)語(yǔ)句中相關(guān)的時(shí)間詞語(yǔ)和上下文中的一些線(xiàn)索。
2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：是僅次于時(shí)態(tài)的一個(gè)必考的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括“-ing形式，動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞)”三種形式。“主動(dòng)-ing;被動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞;將要做的事動(dòng)詞不定式”，是我經(jīng)常要求學(xué)生記住的話(huà)。此句前面的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)和將要做的事是指動(dòng)詞與之相應(yīng)名詞的關(guān)系，后面講的是應(yīng)該填的形式。但這只能說(shuō)明大多數(shù)情況下，不能概括全部。
3. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考題中有很多題都涉及到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但許多學(xué)生在做題時(shí)比較容易忽略被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)里的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在漢語(yǔ)句子中?？刹惶帷Ｕ?qǐng)大家做題時(shí)需要特別注意這樣兩種情況：一是物做主語(yǔ)，二是及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后缺賓語(yǔ)。這時(shí)要多考慮被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。因?yàn)槲镆话悴粫?huì)自己發(fā)出動(dòng)作，及物動(dòng)詞后缺賓語(yǔ)的情況就很可能是賓語(yǔ)被提到前面做主語(yǔ)了，這兩種情況下用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的可能性很大。當(dāng)然，這也不是絕對(duì)的。
4. 從句：分為定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句(包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句)。做從句題時(shí)一定要注意選對(duì)正確的連詞和正確的時(shí)態(tài)。一般情況下從句都要有連詞，部分情況下連詞可省略。選時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)一定要參照主句的時(shí)態(tài)。
5. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：根據(jù)近三年的考點(diǎn)來(lái)看，復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)可放在“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have done“ 結(jié)構(gòu)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣上?！扒閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have done“結(jié)構(gòu)表對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)。如： must have done (表肯定推測(cè)) ;could/may/might have done (表“可能”);can’t/couldn’t have done(表“不可能”或“肯定不”)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣有should/ought to have done (本應(yīng)該做卻沒(méi)做); shouldn’t/ought not to have (本不應(yīng)該做卻做了); could/might have done (本可以做卻沒(méi)做); would have done (本要去做卻沒(méi)做);needn’t have done (本沒(méi)必要做卻做了)和suggest(ion)，order，command，require等動(dòng)詞或名詞后跟賓語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)從句等，后接”主語(yǔ)+(should)+動(dòng)詞“的結(jié)構(gòu)。
6. It的用法：it在英語(yǔ)中是一個(gè)非?；钴S的詞匯，它可以涉及到好幾個(gè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。其中有：⑴.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型： it is /was…that/who…。⑵. It做形式主語(yǔ)：It is no use/good/worthwhile doing ，It takes sb…to do… ，It occurred to me that等。⑶. it做形式賓語(yǔ)： make it clear that…，make it possible for sb to do等。⑷. 固定搭配： It is (high) time that…did/should do…，It is/was the first time that…h(huán)ave/had done…，It won’t be long before….等。
7. 倒裝句： 現(xiàn)將倒裝句的幾種情況歸納如下：⑴.表否定意義的詞或短語(yǔ)置句首時(shí)。如：never, seldom, little, not，“介詞+no+名詞“短語(yǔ)等。⑵. So/such…that…句型中so/such置句首時(shí)，主句主謂要倒裝。⑶. only+狀語(yǔ)置句首時(shí)。⑷. So/nor/neither+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ) ,表“······也(不)”。⑸. As引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝。⑹. If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句if省略時(shí)的倒裝。
8.幾種?？冀Y(jié)構(gòu)：⑴. 表示倍數(shù)的用法：倍數(shù)(twice/three times)+ as + 形容詞原級(jí)/+ 形容詞比較級(jí) + than/+ the + 名詞 + of + 比較對(duì)象。⑵. 形容詞比較級(jí)的兩個(gè)固定結(jié)構(gòu)：The + 比較級(jí) + 句子，the + 比較級(jí) + 句子，the + 比較級(jí) + of the two。⑶. “of +(greet)+名詞=形容詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。⑷. with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)(doing/to do /done/介詞/副詞/形容詞/名詞等)的結(jié)構(gòu)。⑸. can’t … too …。再…也不過(guò)分。⑹. 動(dòng)詞 + 人 + 介詞(in /on /by) + the + 部位。
二.要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：
1、要確定語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)。此題型的主要目的是考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)法的掌握和運(yùn)用程度。所以大家做題時(shí)，首先要考慮該題是考什么語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。一旦語(yǔ)法出錯(cuò)，此題就無(wú)分可言。待確定語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)后再來(lái)思考詞匯和語(yǔ)境。建議大家在復(fù)習(xí)備考時(shí)，多做一些考語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯結(jié)合的題，而不應(yīng)該做一些純考詞匯的題，以便加強(qiáng)高考題型的針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練。
2、要分析語(yǔ)法分布。每套題的設(shè)計(jì)肯定會(huì)盡量涉及到高中階段要求掌握的各項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)?？忌鲱}時(shí)，要牢記高中階段要求掌握的各項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，學(xué)會(huì)分析該套試題語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)的分布。這樣可幫助選對(duì)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)，提高正確率。
3、要確保動(dòng)詞正確。在語(yǔ)法中，動(dòng)詞是非常重要的組成部分，所以要特別注意動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用。填動(dòng)詞時(shí)首先要判斷是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如果是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要認(rèn)真考慮應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)，也包括語(yǔ)態(tài);如果是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要認(rèn)真考慮用什么樣的形式，動(dòng)詞不定式，-ing形式，還是過(guò)去分詞，有時(shí)也要考慮非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。
4、要注重翻譯技巧。英語(yǔ)句子在一定的語(yǔ)境中有它固定的結(jié)構(gòu)，千萬(wàn)不要用漢語(yǔ)亂來(lái)套，要根據(jù)英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)和注意翻譯技巧，如：在做疑問(wèn)句,賓語(yǔ)從句和感嘆句時(shí)要注意疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序和陳述語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題;再需注意一些特殊的英語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯。這些結(jié)構(gòu)前面講了常用的一部分。在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)過(guò)程中還有許多，這些結(jié)構(gòu)都需特別記牢。
5、要看清試題要求。題干上明確要求“用句末括號(hào)內(nèi)的英語(yǔ)單詞完成句子”。如果不用所給的詞，盡管你的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思都是正確的，但你的答案是不能得分的。因?yàn)槟銢](méi)有按要求做題。
三.下面根據(jù)以上指導(dǎo)來(lái)做進(jìn)行一些訓(xùn)練：
(1)
1. Computer (發(fā)揮著一個(gè)重要的作用) in human activities today. (play)
2. The students in the community colleges usually spend two years there , (學(xué)習(xí)很多不同的科目). (study)
3.Without the bloody war in the country two years ago, these lovely children
(本來(lái)能夠度過(guò)一個(gè)幸福的童年). (pass)
4.She is always doing everything for her son ,which is _______ (她錯(cuò)誤所在)。(go )
5. (必須采取有效措施) to stop the fire spreading, or the whole building will be destroyed. (measure)
6. A Dream of the Red Chamber____________(據(jù)說(shuō)已經(jīng)翻譯成) dozens of foreign languages in the latest decade. (translate)
7. Since you have done it, (你說(shuō)什么也沒(méi)有用). (whatever, difference)
8. At the thought of (他在英語(yǔ)上已取得了進(jìn)步)，he will think of the strict and kind teacher.(progress)
9. So (編輯如此生氣) that he tore the letter into pieces and threw them into the dustbin. (angry)
10. It was (你遲到) made the teacher very angry. You must come earlier next time!(come)
(1)
1. plays an important role
2. studying many different subjects
3. could have passed a happy childhood
4. where she goes wrong
5.Effective measures must be taken
6. is said to have been translated into
7. whatever you said made no difference
8. the progress (that/which) he has made in English
9. angry was the editor
10. your coming late that
To Love but Not To Pursue
by Marksim,Ma Guangshun Class One, Grade Three
When I first fell in love with singing, I couldn't help pumping out my full breath, exhausting my entire vigor of emotions, pursuing an ideal state that my impressive voice is able to stick in the mind of every one of my audiences. I yearn after such an effect that everyone can be touched by my tone, and that the same tune of sentiment will gush from the bottom of their hearts. This is a state of art which is so far away to reach. But at present, I'm only a obscure singer, not an eminent artist.
When I first fell in love with writing, my enthusiasm for creating enlarged intensely. I went so far as to scribble my every sudden flash of inspiration on a piece of paper. I racked my brains to consider every element----every word and even every punctuation in my article. I fantasized that one day I would become a celebrated writer and on this impulse, I got the dissatisfaction at myself so long as I came across a masterpiece. But masters as they are, a nobody as I am.
Every time I fall in love with something, I pursue the superb degree. But however much passion I possess, I have neither proficient skills nor specific abilities. I embark on it as a green hand. I'm first with it as a nobody. Encountered by such untoward circumstances, I was confused for long. Finally I came up with an idea, an attitude for an enthusiast to be equipped with----to love but not to pursue.
When you love something thoroughly and have developed the ambition to go far, be aware of the obstacles and embarrassment you may have to sustain. They're foes against your amour of confidence and aspiration. They defeat you step by step in a way of corrossion. And where does the crux lie in? It's in the mood of rashness, which is rooted in pursuing blindly. This is a poor quality of mind which invisibly strengthened those foes against an enthusiast, against you and me.
To love but not to pursue. When you try this attitude and keep it your faith, you'll find yourself striving in a thoroughgoing manner. You'll find yourself making surprising progress. You'll one day find yourself having achieved your goal and realized your dream.
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